Grammar

Get from Tofl iBT Exam's book

Grammar

1.      Topic Statement Grammar and Language Check

·         Superlatives and Opinion Language

Practice giving topic statements for Speaking 1 ask 1 question in the Interaction Activity that follows. Experiment with using either opinion or superlative language. Note the following examples and guidelines for superlatives and opinion language effectively.

·        Superlative Adjectives Modifying Nouns

The most important lesson I have learned……………

The job that holds the strongest interest for me is..............

The best marriage partner for me would be……………

·        Superlative Adverbs Modifying Verbs

A holiday I enjoy celebrating most………..

The holiday I most enjoy celebrating………

The job I would like to have most is………

The position I would most like to acquire is………..

·        When Most to Use a Superlative

Do not use a superlative form of the following adjective.

These words already include a superlative meaning.

     ideal

     perfect

     favorite

     optimal

My most ideal marriage partner ………

The most perfect family vacation  ………

My most favorite place to relax………

The most optimal job …………

     excellent

     first-rate

·         When Not use Use Opinion language

Do not use most opinion language with the following phrases.

you may, however, use the word personally.

my favorite

my preference
In my opinion, my favorite place to relax is………

Personally, my favorite place to relax is…………

   As I see it , my preference would be is…………

Personally, my preference would be is……………

Present perfect (1) (I have done)

Study this example situation:

Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it. He has lost his key. 'He has lost his key'= He lost it and he still hasn't got it.

Have/has lost is the present perfect simple:

                                                                                                                                                                   

I / we / they / you have (= I've etc.)                                       finished

                                                                                               lost

He / she / it has (= he's etc.)                                                  done

                                                                                               been          etc. 

                                                                                                                                                                      

*The present perfect simple is have / has + past participle. The past participle often ends in -ed ( finished / decided etc). , but many important verb are irregular (lost/done/been/written etc).  

1. When we use the present perfect there is always a connection with now. The action in the past has a result now.

• 'Where's your key?' 'I don't know. I've lost it.'(I haven't got it now)
• He told me his name but I've forgotten it.
• Is Sally here? No she's gone out.
• I can't find my bag. Have you seen it?

   2. we often use the present perfect to give new information or to announce a recent happening.

• Ow! I've cut my finger.
• The road is closed. There's been an accident.
• The police have arrested two men in connection with the robbery.   

  3. You can use the present perfect with just, already and yet:
       Just = 'a sort time ago'.

• Hello. Have you just arrived?

 4. We use already to say that something happened sooner than expected.

• Don't forget to post the letter, will you? I've already posted it.

5. Yet = 'until now'and show that the speaker is expecting something to happen. Use yet only in question and negative sentences.

• Has it stopped raining yet?
• I've written the letter but I haven't posted it yet.  

Note the difference between gone (to) and been (to):
Gone to: Jim is away on holiday. He has gone to Spain ( = he is there now or his way there )
               Jane is back home from holiday now. She has been to Italy.( = She has now come back from Italy)
Been (to): We usually say 'I've been to a place'

•      I've been to Italy four times but I've never been to Rome.
•      Ann has never been to a foot ball match in her life.
•      Jack has got some money. He has just been to the bank.    

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Requiemant

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Fast Food

Get from ISIGHTS and IDEAS's book.

Fast Food

     In countries throughout the world, and especially in the United States, hamburgers are a very popular food. It seems impossible, but people have bought more than 99,000,000,000(99 billion) hamburgers from just one fast-food company. This is enough to make a circle around the earth 12 times!

     Most American's favorite place to buy a hamburger is at a fast food restaurant. In these restaurants, people order their food, wait just a few minutes, and then carry it to their tables themselves. They can eat it in the restaurant or take the food out and eat it at home, at work, in a park, or even in their cars. At many fast-food restaurants, people can drive up beside a window. They order their food, and a worker hands it to them through the window.

     Hamburgers are not only kind of food that fast-food restaurants serve. They also serve French fries, milk shakes, soft drinks, and coffee. Some serve fish or chicken. Others serve hot dogs, tacos, pizza, or submarine sandwiches. In the morning, some fast-food restaurants have a complete breakfast menu, with egg sandwiches, pancakes, and juice.

     Fast-food restaurants are very popular because the service is fast and the food is inexpensive. (Inexpensive food does not cost very much.) For many people, low prices are more important than the quality of the food.

     These restaurants are also popular because the food is always the same. People know that if they eat at a company's restaurant in the north of the city or in the south of the city, the food will still be the same.

     Are hamburgers, French fries, tacos, and other kinds of fast food good for you? In general, fast food has a lot of fat and salt. Today, people know that fatty and salty food is not healthy. Because more people want food that is good for them, fast-food restaurants are serving salads and other healthy food.

    Restaurants are also cooking with less salt and fat. For example, some restaurants are now using a  healthier oil for their French fries.

    One thing is sure. People will continue to eat fast food. In fact, now there are fast food restaurants in countries all over the world

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Thanks

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Aspirations

Aspirations

Everyone has goals or objectives they want to achieve in the future. They assist individuals in finding purpose and meaning in their lives. When I consider my personal aspirations for the upcoming years, I feel that obtaining entrance in to an English-language university and establishing a loving family are my two main aims.

        First, attending an English university is my principal focus at present. If I can achieve this goal, I will be able to get a better job and obtain a higher salary. I'm personally interested in establishing myself in international business.

However, there is a considerable amount of competition in this field, and prospective employers are more apt to hire a candidate with excellent communication skills in English. This candidate will also tend to earn a greater amount of money.

        Second, a more long-term goal I have is to find a suitable partner and start a family. In this way, we will be able to offer each other mutual support and encouragement in both good times and bad. For example, we could assist each other with problems and celebrate accomplishments. Continue latter                                               
Get from Tofl iBT Exam's book
By sharing my life with a partner and guiding my children  through their own journeys, my life will be richer and more fulfilling. I will fell a strong sense of connectedness and know that I am contributing to the enhancement of my loved ones' lives.
        To conclude, my two major objectives at this point in time are to go to university in English and start a family with a supportive partner. If I can realize these two dreams, I will feel a quiet contentment and a growing sense of confidence in my abilities.

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New news

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The Usefulness of English

Studying English is useful for three main reasons. Firstly, we find it easy to communicate with the world because English is spoken worldwide. Second, we have the priority to pursue education abroad. As you can see most universities in the world, especially those in America, require students to have good English. Finally, we can so research easily if we know English, for most books related to environment, science, philosophy, education, and so on are written in English. In conclusion, English can give us three benefits: worldwide communicatio, higher education opportunities, and an easy way to do research.</br>

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So You Want to Be Cool

Are you worried about your looks?

Are you nervous because you have to speak in front of the class?

Are you sad because someone said something bad about you?

Are you unhappy because you don't have many friends?

Teenage Express magazine offers some ideas on how to be cool.<br>

•  Think of your good qualities. List them. You're going to find that you have a lot of them!
• Take care of your appearance and your clothes. Keep your hair clean and well groomed. Your Clothes don't have to be expensive. They just have too look nice. Sometime a classic look is better than the latest extreme style.
• Compliment people and smile a lot. Meet new people and be friendly to them. Don't be shy. If you want to meet someone, go ahead and introduce yourself.
• Ignore what people say about you. They are probably jealous.
• Be yourself all times, because trying to be someone else is not good. Being cool doesn't mean being someone you are not.
• Being cool does not mean being silly or stupid. So study hard and be smart. Learn useful information about a lot of topics. Your friends are going to respect and admire you for that.

• Be proud of your qualities and who you are. Remember, being cool is mostly a matter of attitude.

After Reading

Answer yes or no. Being cool means:

1. .             not worrying about what others thing of you.
2.               wearing designer clothes.
3.               being friendly and sociable.
4.               not saying what you think.
5.              following what cool people do and maybe changing your ways.

Discussion 

Which of the above things did you do in the past to be cool? What happened?

Get from Mega Goal student book 2 

Anthropology

The walking marriage

1.   Anthropology describe the walking marriage as a custom unique to the Mosuo. This small ethnic population resides in China on the border of the Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, adjacent to Tibet. Here, male and female romantic partners do not make legal vows of matrimony or even live together in the same residence. Instead, upon being invited by a woman, a man will walk to his partner's home after dark and return to his own family early the next day, hence the name walking marriage. These union, whether short or long-term, are based upon mutual love and affection with no string attached. There is no sharing of finances or even of child rearing responsibilities. Which rest solely in the hands of the woman's family.
2.  The Mosuo culture is a matrilineal society, so called because the children take their mother's surname and lineage is traced through female side of the family. Children are also raided exclusively by the woman's extended family-grandparents, parents, uncles, and aunts-who all generally live in the same household. Accordingly, the child has the appropriate male influence, with the male members of the woman's family acting as paternal substitutes. A child's father may, however, elect to participate in the parenting of his biological child. If so, he is awarded special status within his partner's family. Nevertheless, his permanent residence remains with his maternal relatives, where he must fulfill the parental responsibilities associated with his sister's, aunt's, or mother's children.
3.  While this form of marriage may see somewhat odd, it offers numerous advantages. First, there are no loveless marriage, and there is no staying together for the sake of the children. Second, there is no divorce and no division of property upon divorce. Furthermore, there are no child custody issues, since it is understood that all children are to be raised by the mother's family. Third, there is no preference for a child of a specific gender, because both males and females are equally capable of caring for aging family members. Finally, in the case of a parent dying prematurely, there are carious alternative role models who can assume the required parental duties. For these reasons, the walking marriage has proved to be an exceptionally stable system-one which is still practiced by the Mosuo of picturesque Lugu Lake, high in the Himalayas.

  continue later.....                                                                     This text was get from Tofl exam's book. 

Cocktail Party Introduction Game

Walk around the room, and introduce yourself to different classmates. Use the following conversation format:

Student 1: Hi, My name is                                     and I'm from                                                             .

Student 2: Nice to meet you. My name is                                                    and I'm from                                                                                . So, what is the personal characteristic that best describes you?

Student 1: ( Answers the question .) How about you? What personal characteristic describes you best?

Student 2: ( Answers the question. )

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