Grammar

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Grammar

1.      Topic Statement Grammar and Language Check

·         Superlatives and Opinion Language

Practice giving topic statements for Speaking 1 ask 1 question in the Interaction Activity that follows. Experiment with using either opinion or superlative language. Note the following examples and guidelines for superlatives and opinion language effectively.

·        Superlative Adjectives Modifying Nouns

The most important lesson I have learned……………

The job that holds the strongest interest for me is..............

The best marriage partner for me would be……………

·        Superlative Adverbs Modifying Verbs

A holiday I enjoy celebrating most………..

The holiday I most enjoy celebrating………

The job I would like to have most is………

The position I would most like to acquire is………..

·        When Most to Use a Superlative

Do not use a superlative form of the following adjective.

These words already include a superlative meaning.

     ideal

     perfect

     favorite

     optimal

My most ideal marriage partner ………

The most perfect family vacation  ………

My most favorite place to relax………

The most optimal job …………

     excellent

     first-rate

·         When Not use Use Opinion language

Do not use most opinion language with the following phrases.

you may, however, use the word personally.

my favorite

my preference
In my opinion, my favorite place to relax is………

Personally, my favorite place to relax is…………

   As I see it , my preference would be is…………

Personally, my preference would be is……………

Present perfect (1) (I have done)

Study this example situation:

Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it. He has lost his key. 'He has lost his key'= He lost it and he still hasn't got it.

Have/has lost is the present perfect simple:

                                                                                                                                                                   

I / we / they / you have (= I've etc.)                                       finished

                                                                                               lost

He / she / it has (= he's etc.)                                                  done

                                                                                               been          etc. 

                                                                                                                                                                      

*The present perfect simple is have / has + past participle. The past participle often ends in -ed ( finished / decided etc). , but many important verb are irregular (lost/done/been/written etc).  

1. When we use the present perfect there is always a connection with now. The action in the past has a result now.

• 'Where's your key?' 'I don't know. I've lost it.'(I haven't got it now)
• He told me his name but I've forgotten it.
• Is Sally here? No she's gone out.
• I can't find my bag. Have you seen it?

   2. we often use the present perfect to give new information or to announce a recent happening.

• Ow! I've cut my finger.
• The road is closed. There's been an accident.
• The police have arrested two men in connection with the robbery.   

  3. You can use the present perfect with just, already and yet:
       Just = 'a sort time ago'.

• Hello. Have you just arrived?

 4. We use already to say that something happened sooner than expected.

• Don't forget to post the letter, will you? I've already posted it.

5. Yet = 'until now'and show that the speaker is expecting something to happen. Use yet only in question and negative sentences.

• Has it stopped raining yet?
• I've written the letter but I haven't posted it yet.  

Note the difference between gone (to) and been (to):
Gone to: Jim is away on holiday. He has gone to Spain ( = he is there now or his way there )
               Jane is back home from holiday now. She has been to Italy.( = She has now come back from Italy)
Been (to): We usually say 'I've been to a place'

•      I've been to Italy four times but I've never been to Rome.
•      Ann has never been to a foot ball match in her life.
•      Jack has got some money. He has just been to the bank.